RTI International released information on Apr. 14 about the presence and risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often called “forever chemicals,” in food, beverages, and their packaging. The organization detailed how these chemicals can persist in the environment and enter the human body through various exposure pathways.
The issue is important because PFAS are used widely for their durability but have been linked to health problems such as elevated cholesterol, developmental effects in children, and certain cancers. Many other types of PFAS remain understudied regarding their toxicity.
According to RTI International, PFAS contamination can occur throughout the food supply chain. Seafood from contaminated waterways accumulates longer-chain PFAS compounds over time. In agriculture, water used for irrigation or livestock can introduce these chemicals into crops and animals. Beverages like beer may also contain PFAS if produced with contaminated water; a recent study by RTI found that 95% of tested beers contained detectable levels of these substances.
Food packaging is another source of exposure. Grease-resistant papers, nonstick cookware coatings, plastics additives, printing inks, label adhesives, and even machinery lubricants may all contain or transfer PFAS into foods—especially under high temperatures or with fatty foods. While regulatory changes are being implemented—such as new U.S. Food and Drug Administration rules in 2024—a peer-reviewed study showed that most detected PFAS were present unintentionally during manufacturing processes.
Some states have begun restricting products containing these chemicals; Minnesota banned nonstick cookware coated with PFAS starting in 2025 while others consider similar measures. Meanwhile, alternatives such as ceramic cookware or non-fluorinated surfactants are being explored but require thorough assessment to avoid unintended consequences.
Jennifer Hoponick Redmon said: “Because you cannot see, smell, or taste many chemicals including PFAS in beverages, product testing is critical to understand whether PFAS are present.” RTI International stated it works with clients using scientific expertise to help organizations map out where they use these substances and find safer alternatives.
